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Common neurological symptoms include headache, muscle weakness, clumsiness, dizziness, tremor and numbness. In addition, neurological disorders can cause disturbances in perception, logical thinking, speech production or understanding, recognition or memory. Paroxysmal symptoms such as certain visual disturbances and grand mal seizures also belong to the field of neurological symptoms.
Cerebrovascular disorders, or cerebral infarction and cerebral hemorrhage, are a significant group of diseases belonging to neurology. In many cases, cerebrovascular disorders cause permanent symptoms, such as paralyses and inability to speak that restrict functional capacity. This is why their effective prevention, prehospital emergency care, and rehabilitation are of key importance.
Migraine and epilepsy are other, relatively common, long-term diseases belonging to the field of neurology. The most common neurological autoimmune disease is multiple sclerosis (MS). With age, motor disorder diseases such as Parkinson's disease and memory diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease become more common. Sequelae of a range of serious brain injuries cause long-term neurological disturbance.
In addition, the speciality of neurology includes a group of rarer disease groups such as hereditary muscle diseases and various autoimmune and degenerative diseases.